Hydroxylamine derivatives

ABSTRACT

The invention concerns hydroxylamine derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R 4  is hydrogen, carbamoyl, (1-4C)alkyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, tetrahydrofuran-3-yl, tetrahydropyran-4-yl, piperidin-4-yl, N-(1-4C)alkylpiperidin-4-yl, (2-5C)alkanoyl, (1-4C)alkylsulphonyl, N-(1-4C)alkylcarbamoyl, N,N-di-(1-4C)alkylcarbamoyl, phenyl, phenyl-(1-4C)alkyl, di-phenyl-(1-4C)alkyl, benzoyl, phenylsulphonyl or a heteroarylmethyl group; 
     R 5  is hydrogen, (1-4C)alkyl, (3-4C)alkenyl, (3-4C)alkynyl, cyano-(1-4C)alkyl, phenyl or phenyl-(1-4C)alkyl; 
     A 4  is (1-4C)alkylene; 
     Ar 1  is phenylene, pyridinediyl or pyrimidinediyl; 
     A 1  is a direct link to X 1 , or A 1  is (1-4C)alkylene; 
     X 1  is oxy, thio, sulphinyl or sulphonyl; 
     Ar 2  is phenylene, pyridinediyl, pyrimidinediyl, thiophenediyl, furandiyl or thiazolediyl; 
     R 1  is hydrogen, (1-4C)alkyl, (3-4C)alkenyl or (3-4C)alkynyl; and 
     R 2  and R 3  together form a group of the formula -A 2  -X 2  -A 3  -wherein each of A 2  and A 3  is independently (1-3C)alkylene and X 2  is oxy, thio, sulphinyl, sulphonyl or imino; 
     or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof; processes for their manufacture; pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use as 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors.

This invention concerns hydroxylamine derivatives and more particularly hydroxylamine derivatives which are inhibitors of the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (hereinafter referred to as 5-LO). The invention also concerns processes for the manufacture of said hydroxylamine derivatives and novel pharmaceutical compositions containing them. Also included in the invention is the use of said hydroxylamine derivatives in the treatment of various inflammatory and/or allergic diseases in which the direct or indirect products of 5-LO catalysed oxidation of arachidonic acid are involved, and the production of new medicaments for such use.

As stated above the hydroxylamine derivatives described hereinafter are inhibitors of 5-LO, which enzyme is known to be involved in catalysing the oxidation of arachidonic acid to give rise via a cascade process to the physiologically active leukotrienes such as leukotriene B₄ (LTB₄) and the peptido-lipid leukotrienes such as leukotriene C₄ (LTC₄) and leukotriene D₄ (LTD₄) and various metabolites.

The biosynthetic relationship and physiological properties of the leukotrienes are summarized by G. W. Taylor and S. R. Clarke in Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 1986, 7, 100-103. The leukotrienes and their metabolites have been implicated in the production and development of various inflammatory and allergic diseases such as inflammation of the joints (especially rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and gout), inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract (especially inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis and gastritis), skin disease (especially psoriasis, eczema and dermatitis) and respiratory disease (especially asthma, bronchitis and allergic rhinitis), and in the production and development of various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders such as myocardial infarction, angina and peripheral vascular disease. In addition the leukotrienes are mediators of inflammatory diseases by virtue of their ability to modulate lymphocyte and leukocyte function. Other physiologically active metabolites of arachidonic acid, such as the prostaglandins and thromboxanes, arise via the action of the enzyme cyclooxygenase on arachidonic acid.

It is disclosed in European Patent Application Nos. 0375404 A2 and 0385662 A2 that certain heterocyclic derivatives possess inhibitory properties against 5-LO. Furthermore European Patent Applications Nos. 0409413 and 0420511 are also concerned with heterocyclic derivatives which possess inhibitory properties against 5-LO. We have now discovered that certain hydroxylamine derivatives which possess some structural features which are similar to those of the compounds disclosed in the above-mentioned applications but which possess other structural features, in particular hydroxylamine groups, which were not envisaged in those earlier applications are effective inhibitors of the enzyme 5-LO and thus of leukotriene biosyntheses. Thus such compounds are of value as therapeutic agents in the treatment of, for example, allergic conditions, psoriasis, asthma, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders, and/or inflammatory and arthritic conditions, mediated alone or in part by one or more leukotrienes.

According to the invention there is provided a hydroxylamine derivative of the formula I ##STR2## wherein R⁴ is hydrogen, carbamoyl, (1-4C)alkyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, tetrahydrofuran-3-yl, tetrahydropyran-4-yl, piperidin-4-yl, N-(1-4C)alkylpiperidin-4-yl, (2-5C)alkanoyl, (1-4C)alkylsulphonyl, N-(1-4C)alkylcarbamoyl, N,N-di-(1-4C)alkylcarbamoyl, phenyl, phenyl-(1-4C)alkyl, di-phenyl-(1-4C)alkyl, benzoyl, phenylsulphonyl or a heteroarylmethyl group wherein the heteroaryl moiety is selected from pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, furyl, thienyl, oxazolyl and thiazolyl;

R⁵ is hydrogen, (1-4C)alkyl, (3-4C)alkenyl, (3-4C)alkynyl, cyano-(1-4C)alkyl, phenyl or phenyl-(1-4C)alkyl;

A⁴ is (1-4C)alkylene which may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from (1-4C)alkyl, phenyl and phenyl-(1-4C)alkyl;

wherein each phenyl, phenyl-(1-4C)alkyl, di-phenyl-(1-4C)alkyl, benzoyl, phenylsulphonyl or heteroarylmethyl group in R⁴, R⁵, or A⁴ may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from halogeno, cyano, trifluoromethyl, nitro, (1-4C)alkyl and (1-4C)alkoxy;

Ar¹ is phenylene, pyridinediyl or pyrimidinediyl which may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from halogeno, cyano, trifluoromethyl, (1-4C)alkyl and (1-4C)alkoxy;

A¹ is a direct link to X¹, or A¹ is (1-4C)alkylene;

X¹ is oxy, thio, sulphinyl or sulphonyl;

Ar² is phenylene, pyridinediyl, pyrimidinediyl, thiophenediyl, furandiyl or thiazolediyl which may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from halogeno, cyano, trifluoromethyl, (1-4C)alkyl and (1-4C)alkoxy;

R¹ is hydrogen, (1-4C)alkyl, (3-4C)alkenyl or (3-4C)alkynyl; and R² and R³ together form a group of the formula -A² -X² -A³ - which together with the carbon atom to which A² and A³ are attached define a ring having 5 or 6 ring atoms, wherein each of A² and A³ is independently (1-3C)alkylene and X² is oxy, thio, sulphinyl, sulphonyl or imino, and which ring may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from hydroxy, (1-4C)alkyl and (1-4C)alkoxy;

or wherein R¹ and R² together form a group of the formula -A² -X² -A³ - which together with the oxygen atom to which A² is attached and with the carbon atom to which A³ is attached define a ring having 5 or 6 ring atoms, wherein A² and A³ which may be the same or different, each is (1-3C)alkylene and X² is oxy, thio, sulphinyl or sulphonyl and which ring may bear one, two or three (1-4C)alkyl substituents, and wherein R³ is (1-4C)alkyl, (2-4C)alkenyl or (2-4C)alkynyl;

or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.

According to a further feature of the invention there is provided a hydroxylamine derivative of the formula I wherein R⁴ is hydrogen, carbamoyl, (1-4C)alkyl, (2-5C)alkanoyl, (1-4C)alkylsulphonyl, N-(1-4C)alkylcarbamoyl, N,N-di-(1-4C)alkylcarbamoyl, phenyl, phenyl-(1-4C)alkyl, di-phenyl-(1-4C)alkyl, benzoyl or phenylsulphonyl;

R⁵ is hydrogen, (1-4C)alkyl, phenyl or phenyl-(1-4C)alkyl;

A⁴ is (1-4C)alkylene which may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from (1-4C)alkyl, phenyl and phenyl-(1-4C)alkyl;

wherein each phenyl, phenyl-(1-4C)alkyl or di-phenyl-(1-4C)alkyl group in R⁴, R⁵ or A⁴ may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from halogeno, cyano, trifluoromethyl, (1-4C)alkyl and (1-4C)alkoxy;

Ar¹ is phenylene, pyridinediyl or pyrimidinediyl which may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from halogeno, cyano, trifluoromethyl, (1-4C)alkyl and (1-4C)alkoxy;

A¹ is a direct link to X¹, or A¹ is (1-4C)alkylene;

X¹ is oxy, thio, sulphinyl or sulphonyl;

Ar² is phenylene, pyridinediyl, pyrimidinediyl, thiophenediyl, furandiyl or thiazolediyl which may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from halogeno, cyano, trifluoromethyl, (1-4C)alkyl and (1-4C)alkoxy;

R¹ is (1-4C)alkyl, (3-4C)alkenyl or (3-4C)alkynyl; and

R² and R³ together form a group of the formula -A² -X² -A³ - which together with the carbon atom to which A² and A³ are attached define a ring having 5 or 6 ring atoms, wherein each of A² and A³ is independently (1-3C)alkylene and X² is oxy, thio, sulphinyl, sulphonyl or imino, and which ring may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from hydroxy, (1-4C)alkyl and (1-4C)alkoxy;

or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.

The chemical formulae referred to herein by Roman numerals are set out for convenience on a separate sheet hereinafter.

In this specification the generic term "alkyl" includes both straight-chain and branched-chain alkyl groups. However references to individual alkyl groups such as "propyl" are specific for the straight-chain version only and references to individual branched-chain alkyl groups such as "isopropyl" are specific for the branched-chain version only. An analogous convention applies to other generic terms.

It is to be understood that, insofar as certain of the compounds of the formula I defined above may exhibit the phenomenon of tautomerism and any formula drawing presented herein may represent only one of the possible tautomeric forms, the invention includes in its definition any tautomeric form of a compound of the formula I which possesses the property of inhibiting 5-LO and is not to be limited merely to any one tautomeric form utilised within the formulae drawings.

It is further to be understood that, insofar as certain of the compounds of formula I defined above may exist in optically active or racemic forms by virtue of one or more asymmetric carbon atoms, the invention includes in its definition any such optically active or racemic form which possesses the property of inhibiting 5-LO. The synthesis of optically active forms may be carried out by standard techniques of organic chemistry well known in the art, for example by synthesis from optically active starting materials or by resolution of a racemic form.

Suitable values for the generic terms referred to above include those set out below.

A suitable value for R⁴ or R⁵ when it is (1-4C)alkyl is, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl or butyl; and when it is phenyl-(1-4C)alkyl is, for example, benzyl, phenethyl or 3-phenylpropyl.

A suitable value for when it is N-(1-4C)alkylpiperidin-4-yl is, for example, N-methylpiperidin-4-yl; when it is (2-5C)alkanoyl is, for example, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl or pivaloyl; when it is (1-4C)alkylsulphonyl is, for example, methylsulphonyl, ethylsulphonyl or propylsulphonyl, when it is N-(1-4C)alkylcarbamoyl is, for example, N-methylcarbamoyl, N-ethylcarbamoyl or N-propylcarbamoyl; when it is N,N-di-(1-4C)alkylcarbamoyl is, for example, N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl, N-ethyl-N-methylcarbamoyl or N,N-dipropylcarbamoyl; and when it is di-phenyl-(1-4C)alkyl is, for example, benzhydryl.

When R⁴ is a heteroarylmethyl group, a suitable value for the heteroaryl moiety which is selected from pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, furyl, thienyl, oxazolyl and thiazolyl is, for example, 2-, 3- or 4-pyridyl, 2-, 4- or 5-pyrimidinyl, 2- or 3-furyl, 2- or 3-thienyl, 2-, 4- or 5-oxazolyl or 2-, 4- or 5-thiazolyl.

A suitable value for R⁵ when it is (3-4C)alkenyl is, for example, allyl, 2-butenyl or 3-butenyl; when it is (3-4C)alkynyl is, for example, 2-propynyl or 2-butynyl; and when it is cyano-(1-4C)alkyl is, for example, cyanomethyl or 2-cyanoethyl.

A suitable value for A⁴ when it is (1-4C)alkylene is, for example, methylene, ethylene or trimethylene. Suitable values for the substituents which may be present on A⁴ include, for example:

for (1-4C)alkyl: methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl and butyl;

for phenyl-(1-4C)alkyl: benzyl and phenethyl.

When two such substituents are present they may be located on any of the carbon atoms in said (1-4C)alkylene group, including, for example, both substituents on the same carbon atom.

Suitable values for substituents which may be present when R⁴ R⁵ or is benzoyl, phenylsulphonyl, phenyl, phenyl-(1-4C)alkyl, di-phenyl-(1-4C)alkyl or a heteroarylmethyl group, when A⁴ bears a phenyl or phenyl-(1-4C)alkyl substituent, or for substituents on Ar¹ or Ar², include for example:

for halogeno: fluoro, chloro and bromo;

for (1-4C)alkyl: methyl, ethyl, propyl and isopropyl;

for (1-4C)alkoxy: methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy and isopropoxy;

A suitable value for Ar¹ or Ar² when it is phenylene is, for example, 1,3- or 1,4-phenylene.

A suitable value for A¹ when it is (1-4C)alkylene is, for example, methylene, ethylene or trimethylene.

A suitable value for Ar¹ or Ar² when it is pyridinediyl, pyrimidinediyl, thiophenediyl, furandiyl or thiazolediyl is, for example, 2,4-, 2,5- or 3,5-pyridinediyl, 4,6-pyrimidinediyl, 2,4- or 2,5-thiophenediyl, 2,4- or 2,5-furandiyl or 2,4- or 2,5-thiazolediyl.

A suitable value for R¹ when it is (1-4C)alkyl is, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl; when it (3-4C)alkenyl is, for example allyl, 2-butenyl or 3-butenyl; and when it is (3-4C)alkynyl is, for example, 2-propynyl or 2-butynyl.

When R² and R³ together or when R¹ and R² together form a group of the formula -A² -X² -A³ - then a suitable value for A² or A³, which may be the same or different, when each is (1-3C)alkylene is, for example, methylene, ethylene or trimethylene. Suitable values for the substituents which may be present on the ring so formed include, for example:

for (1-4C)alkyl: methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl and isobutyl;

for (1-4C)alkoxy: methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy and butoxy.

Said substituents may be located on any available position including, when the substituent is (1-4C)alkyl, on the nitrogen atom when X² is imino.

A suitable value for R³ when it is (1-4C)alkyl is, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl; when it is (2-4C)alkenyl is, for example, vinyl, allyl, 2-butenyl or 3-butenyl; and when it is (2-4C)alkynyl is, for example, ethynyl, 2-propynyl or 2-butynyl.

A suitable pharmaceutically-acceptable salt of a compound of the invention is, for example, an acid-addition salt of a compound of the invention which is sufficiently basic, for example, an acid-addition salt with, for example, an inorganic or organic acid, for example hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulphuric, phosphoric, trifluoroacetic, citric or maleic acid. In addition a suitable pharmaceutically-acceptable salt of a compound of the invention which is sufficiently acidic is an alkali metal salt, for example a sodium or potassium salt, an alkaline earth metal salt, for example a calcium or magnesium salt, an ammonium salt or a salt with an organic base which affords a physiologically-acceptable cation, for example a salt with methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, piperidine, morpholine or tris-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine.

Particular compounds of the invention include, for example, hydroxylamine derivatives of the formula I, or pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof, wherein:

(a) R⁴ is hydrogen, carbamoyl, (1-4C)alkyl, (2-5C)alkanoyl, (1-4C)alkylsulphonyl, benzoyl or phenylsulphonyl and wherein said benzoyl or phenylsulphonyl group may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from halogeno, (1-4C)alkyl and (1-4C)alkoxy; and R⁵, A⁴, Ar¹, A¹, X¹, Ar², R¹, R² and R³ have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore or in this section defining particular compounds;

(b) R⁴ is a heteroarylmethyl group wherein the heteroaryl moiety is selected from 2-pyridyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 2-furyl and 2-thienyl which may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from halogeno, nitro, (1-4C)alkyl and (1-4C)alkoxy; and R⁵, A⁴, Ar¹, A¹, X¹, Ar², R¹, R² and R³ have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore or in this section defining particular compounds;

(c) R⁵ is hydrogen, (1-4C)alkyl or phenyl-(1-4C)alkyl and wherein said phenyl-(1-4C)alkyl group may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from halogeno, (1-4C)alkyl and (1-4C)alkoxy; and R⁴, A⁴, Ar¹, A¹, X¹, Ar², R¹, R² and R³ have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore or in this section defining particular compounds;

(d) R⁵ is hydrogen, (1-4C)alkyl, (3-4C)alkenyl, (3-4C)alkynyl, cyano-(1-4C)alkyl or phenyl-(1-4C)alkyl; and R⁴, A⁴, Ar¹, A¹, X¹, Ar², R¹, R² and R³ have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore or in this section defining particular compounds;

(e) A⁴ is methylene or ethylene which may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from methyl, ethyl, phenyl and benzyl; and R⁴, R⁵, Ar¹, A¹, X¹, Ar², R¹, R² and R³ have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore or in this section defining particular compounds;

(f) A⁴ is methylene which may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from methyl and ethyl; and R⁴, R⁵, Ar¹, A¹, X¹, Ar², R¹, R² and R³ have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore or in this section defining particular compounds;

(g) Ar¹ is phenylene which may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from halogeno, (1-4C)alkyl and (1-4C)alkoxy; and R⁴, R⁵, A⁴, A¹, X¹, Ar², R¹, R² and R³ have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore or in this section defining particular compounds;

(h) A¹ is a direct link to X¹ ; and R⁴, R⁵, A⁴, Ar¹, X¹, Ar², R¹, R² and R³ have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore or in this section defining particular compounds;

(i) A¹ is (1-4C)alkylene and X¹ is oxy; and R⁴, R⁵, A⁴, Ar¹, Ar², R¹, R² and R³ have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore or in this section defining particular compounds;

(j) A¹ is a direct link to X¹ and X¹ is thio; and R⁴ R⁵ A⁴, Ar¹, Ar², R¹, R² and R³ have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore or in this section defining particular compounds;

(k) Ar² is phenylene which may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from halogeno, trifluoromethyl, (1-4C)alkyl and (1-4C)alkoxy, or Ar² is pyridinediyl, pyrimidinediyl or thiophenediyl; and R⁴, R⁵, A⁴, Ar¹, A¹, X¹, R¹, R² and R³ have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore or in this section defining particular compounds;

(l) Ar² is thiophenediyl or thiazolediyl; and R⁴, R⁵, A⁴, Ar¹, A¹, X¹, R¹, R² and R³ have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore or in this section defining particular compounds;

(m) R¹ is (1-4C)alkyl; and R⁴, R⁵, A⁴, Ar¹, A¹, X¹, Ar², R² and R³ have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore or in this section defining particular compounds;

(n) R² and R³ together form a group of the formula --A² --X² --A³ -- which together with the carbon atom to which A² and A³ are attached define a ring having 5 or 6 ring atoms, wherein each of A² and A³ is independently (1-3C)alkylene and X² is oxy, and which ring may optionally bear one or two (1-4C)alkyl substituents; and R⁴, R⁵, A⁴, Ar¹, A¹, X¹, Ar² and R¹ have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore or in this section defining particular compounds; and

(o) R¹ and R² together form a group of the formula --A² --X² --A³ -- which together with the oxygen atom to which A² is attached and with the carbon atom to which A³ is attached define a ring having 5 ring atoms, wherein each of A² and A³ is methylene and X² is oxy, and which ring may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from methyl and ethyl, and R³ is methyl or ethyl; and R⁴, R⁵, A⁴, Ar¹, A¹, X¹ and Ar² have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore or in this section defining particular compounds.

A preferred compound of the invention comprises a hydroxylamine derivative of the formula I wherein R⁴ is hydrogen, carbamoyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, acetyl, propionyl, methylsulphonyl, benzoyl or phenylsulphonyl, and wherein said benzoyl or phenylsulphonyl group may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl and methoxy;

R⁵ is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, phenyl or benzyl, and wherein said phenyl or benzyl group may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl and methoxy;

A⁴ is methylene which may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from methyl, ethyl, phenyl and benzyl, and wherein said phenyl or benzyl group may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl and methoxy;

Ar¹ is 1,4-phenylene which may optionally bear one substituent selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl and methoxy;

A¹ is a direct link to X¹ and X¹ is thio, or A¹ is methylene and X¹ is oxy;

Ar² is 1,3- or 1,4-phenylene which may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from fluoro, chloro, trifluoromethyl, methyl and methoxy, or Ar² is 3,5-pyridinediyl, 4,6-pyrimidinediyl, 2,4-thiophenediyl or 2,5-thiophenediyl;

R¹ is methyl, ethyl or allyl; and

R² and R³ together form a group of the formula --A² --X² --A³ -- which together with the carbon atom to which A² and A³ are attached define a ring having 6 ring atoms, wherein each of A² and A³ is ethylene and X² is oxy, and which ring may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from methyl and ethyl; or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.

A further preferred compound of the invention comprises a hydroxylamine derivative of the formula I wherein R⁴ is hydrogen, carbamoyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, acetyl, methylsulphonyl, benzoyl or phenylsulphonyl;

R⁵ is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, allyl, 2-propynyl, cyanomethyl, phenyl or benzyl;

A⁴ is methylene which may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from methyl, ethyl, phenyl and benzyl; wherein each benzoyl, phenylsulphonyl, phenyl or benzyl group in R⁴,

R⁵ or A⁴ may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl and methoxy;

Ar¹ is 1,4-phenylene which may optionally bear one substituent selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl and methoxy, or Ar¹ is 2,5-pyridinediyl (with the A¹ group in the 2-position);

A¹ is a direct link to X¹ and X¹ is thio, or A¹ is methylene and X¹ is oxy;

Ar² is 1,3-phenylene which may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from fluoro, chloro, trifluoromethyl and methyl, or Ar² is 3,5-pyridinediyl, 4,6-pyrimidinediyl, 2,4-thiophenediyl, 2,5-thiophenediyl, 2,4-thiazolediyl or 2,5-thiazolediyl;

R¹ is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or allyl; and

R² and R³ together form a group of the formula --A² --X² --A³ -- which together with the carbon atom to which A² and A³ are attached define a ring having 5 or 6 ring atoms, wherein A² is methylene or ethylene, A³ is ethylene and X² is oxy, and which ring may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from methyl and ethyl; or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.

A further preferred compound of the invention comprises a hydroxylamine derivative of the formula I wherein R⁴ is hydrogen, carbamoyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, acetyl, methylsulphonyl, benzoyl or phenylsulphonyl; R⁵ is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, phenyl or benzyl;

A⁴ is methylene which may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from methyl, ethyl, phenyl and benzyl; wherein each benzoyl, phenylsulphonyl, phenyl or benzyl group in R⁴, R⁵ or A⁴ may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl and methoxy;

Ar¹ is 1,4-phenylene;

A¹ is a direct link to X¹ ;

X¹ is thio;

Ar² is 1,3-phenylene which may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from fluoro and chloro, or Ar² is 2,4- or 2,5-thiophenediyl;

R¹ is methyl, ethyl or allyl; and

R² and R³ together form a group of the formula --A² --X² --A³ -- which together with the carbon atom to which A² and A³ are attached define a ring having 6 ring atoms, wherein each of A² and A³ is ethylene and X² is oxy, and which ring may optionally bear one or two methyl substituents; or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.

A further preferred compound of the invention comprises a hydroxylamine derivative of the formula I wherein R⁴ is hydrogen, carbamoyl, methyl, ethyl or acetyl;

R⁵ is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, 2-propynyl or cyanomethyl;

A⁴ is methylene which may optionally bear a methyl substituent;

Ar¹ is 1,4-phenylene;

A¹ is a direct link to X¹ ;

X¹ is thio;

Ar² is 1,3-phenylene or 5-fluoro-1,3-phenylene;

R¹ is methyl; and

R² and R³ together form a group of the formula --A² --X² --A³ -- which together with the carbon atom to which A² and A³ are attached define a ring having 6 ring atoms, wherein each of A² and A³ is ethylene and X² is oxy, and which ring may optionally bear a methyl substituent alpha to X² ; or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.

A further preferred compound of the invention comprises a hydroxylamine derivative of the formula I wherein R⁴ is carbamoyl, methyl, ethyl or acetyl;

R⁵ is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl;

A⁴ is methylene which may optionally bear a methyl substituent;

Ar¹ is 1,4-phenylene;

A¹ is a direct link to X¹ ;

X¹ is thio;

Ar² is 1,3-phenylene or 5-fluoro-1,3-phenylene;

R¹ is methyl; and

R² and R³ together form a group of the formula --A² --X² --A³ -- which together with the carbon atom to which A² and A³ are attached define a ring having 6 ring atoms, wherein each of A² and A³ is ethylene and X² is oxy, and which ring may optionally bear a methyl substituent alpha to X² ; or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.

A specific especially preferred compound of the invention is, for example, the following hydroxylamine derivative of the formula I, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof:

4-[5-fluoro-3-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl)phenylthio]-α-methylbenzyl acetohydroxamate,

N-{4-[5-fluoro-3-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl)phenylthio]-α-methylbenzyloxy}urea or

N,N-diethyl-O-{4-[5-fluoro-3-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl)phenylthio]-.alpha.-methylbenzyl}hydroxylamine.

A further specific especially preferred compound of the invention is, for example, the following hydroxylamine derivative of the formula I, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof: 4-[5-fluoro-3-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl)phenylthio]-α-methylbenzyl N-(2-propynyl)acetohydroxamate or 4-[5-fluoro-3-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl)phenylthio]-α-methylbenzyl N-cyanomethylacetohydroxamate.

A compound of the invention comprising a hydroxylamine derivative of the formula I, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, may be prepared by any process known to be applicable to the preparation of structurally-related compounds. Such procedures are provided as a further feature of the invention and are illustrated by the following representative examples in which, unless otherwise stated, R⁴, R⁵, A⁴, Ar¹, A¹, X¹, Ar², R¹, R² and R³ have any of the meanings defined hereinbefore, provided that when there is an amino or alkylamino group defined by R⁴ (R⁵)N--, a hydroxy group defined by OR¹, or a hydroxy or an imino group in the rings defined by R¹ and R² or R² and R³ then any such group may optionally be protected by a conventional protecting group which may be removed when so desired by conventional means.

(a) For those compounds of the invention wherein R⁵ is hydrogen, the reduction of an oxime of the formula II ##STR3## wherein the group R₂ C is such that the group R₂ CH in the reaction product is equivalent to R⁴.

Any reducing agent known in the art for the reduction of an oxime to a hydroxylamine may be employed. A suitable reducing agent is, for example, a hydride reducing agent, for example an alkali metal aluminum hydride such as lithium aluminium hydride or a borane-based hydride such as diborane, borane-pyridine complex, borane-trimethylamine complex, borane-tetrahydrofuran complex or borane-dimethyl sulphide complex.

The reduction is conveniently performed in a suitable inert solvent or diluent, for example, 1,2-dimethoxyethane or tetrahydrofuran. A less powerful reducing agent such as borane-pyridine complex may be used in a protic solvent, for example, a (1-4C)alcohol such as methanol, ethanol and propanol. The reaction is conveniently performed at a temperature in the range for example -10 to 100° C., conveniently at or near 0° C.

The starting materials of the formula II may be obtained by standard procedures of organic chemistry. Thus, for example, the starting material of the formula II may be obtained by the reaction, conveniently in the presence of a suitable base, of a compound of the formula III ##STR4## wherein Z is a displaceable group, with an oxime of the formula R₂ C=N-OH.

A suitable displaceable group Z is, for example, a halogeno or sulphonyloxy group, for example a chloro, bromo, iodo, methanesulphonyloxy or toluene-4-sulphonyloxy group.

A suitable base for the reaction is, for example, an alkali or alkaline earth metal carbonate, (1-4C)alkoxide, hydroxide or hydride, for example sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium ethoxide, potassium butoxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydride or potassium hydride. The reaction is conveniently performed in a suitable inert solvent or diluent, for example N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulphoxide, acetone, 1,2-dimethoxyethane or tetrahydrofuran, and at a temperature in the range, for example, 10° to 150° C., conveniently at or near ambient temperature.

The starting materials of the formula III may be obtained by standard procedures of organic chemistry. The preparation of such starting materials is described within the accompanying non-limiting Examples. Alternatively necessary starting materials are obtainable by analogous procedures to those illustrated which are within the ordinary skill of an organic chemist. The disclosures of European Patent Applications Nos. 0375404, 0385662, 0409413 and 0420511 are particularly relevant to the preparation of suitable starting materials.

(b) For the production of those compounds of the formula I wherein R⁴ is (2-5C)alkanoyl, (1-4C)alkylsulphonyl or optionally-substituted benzoyl or phenylsulphonyl, the reaction, conveniently in the presence of a suitable base as defined hereinbefore, of a hydroxylamine of the formula IV ##STR5## with a (2-SC)alkanoyl or (1-4C)alkylsulphonyl halide such as a (2-5C)alkanoyl or (1-4C)alkylsulphonyl chloride or bromide, with a (2-5C)alkanoic acid anhydride or with an optionally-substituted benzoyl or phenylsulphonyl halide such as a benzoyl or phenylsulphonyl chloride or bromide.

A suitable base for the reaction is, for example, an alkali or alkaline earth metal carbonate, (1-4C)alkoxide, hydroxide or hydride, for example sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium ethoxide, potassium butoxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydride or potassium hydride. The reaction is conveniently performed in a suitable inert solvent or diluent, for example in a (1-4C)alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, propanol and isopropanol, in a dipolar aprotic solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulphoxide and acetone, in 1,2-dimethoxyethane or in tetrahydrofuran, and at a temperature in the range, for example, 10° to 150° C., conveniently at or near ambient temperature.

(c) The alkylation, conveniently in the presence of a suitable base as defined hereinbefore, of a hydroxylamine of the formula R⁴ (R⁵)N-OH with an alkylating agent of the formula III ##STR6## wherein Z is a displaceable group as defined hereinbefore.

The reaction is conveniently performed in a suitable inert solvent or diluent such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulphoxide, acetone 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-dioxan, and at a temperature in the range, for example, 25° to 150° C., conveniently at or near 50° C.

(d) For the production of those compounds of the formula I wherein R⁴ is (2-5C)alkanoyl, (1-4C)alkylsulphonyl or optionally-substituted benzoyl or phenylsulphonyl, the reaction, conveniently in the presence of a suitable base as defined hereinbefore, of a hydroxylamine of the formula V ##STR7## with an alkylating agent of the formula R⁵ -Z wherein Z is a displaceable group as defined hereinbefore.

The reaction is conveniently performed in a suitable inert solvent or diluent, for example N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulphoxide, acetone, 1,2-dimethoxyethane or tetrahydrofuran, and at a temperature in the range, for example, 10° to 150° C., conveniently at or near ambient temperature.

The starting materials of the formula V may be obtained by standard procedures of organic chemistry. The preparation of such starting materials is described within the accompanying non-limiting Examples. Alternatively necessary starting materials are obtainable by analogous procedures to those illustrated which are within the ordinary skill of an organic chemist.

(e) For the production of those compounds of the formula I wherein R¹ and R² are linked, the cyclisation, conveniently in the presence of a suitable acid, of a compound of the formula VI ##STR8## with an appropriate aldehyde or ketone, or with the corresponding hemiacetal or acetal derivative thereof.

A suitable acid for the cyclisation reaction is, for example, an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric, sulphuric or phosphoric acid, or, for example, an organic acid such as 4-toluenesulphonic acid or trifluoroacetic acid. The cyclisation reaction is conveniently performed in a suitable inert solvent or diluent, for example 1,2-dimethoxyethane or tetrahydrofuran. Preferably the reaction is performed using the appropriate aldehyde or ketone as both a reactant and diluent. The cyclisation is effected at a temperature in the range, for example, 20° to 150° C. conveniently at or near the boiling point of the diluent or solvent.

The tertiary alcohol starting material of the formula VI may be obtained by standard procedures of organic chemistry. The disclosures of European Patent Applications Nos. 0375457, 0385679 and 0409412, together with the procedures within processes (a) and (c) above for the preparation of appropriate hydroxylamine groups, are particularly relevant for the preparation of suitable starting materials.

Conventional protecting groups for an amino or alkylamino group defined by R⁴ (R⁵)N--, a hydroxy group defined by OR¹, or a hydroxy or imino group in the ring defined by R¹ and R² or R² and R³ are set out hereinafter.

A suitable protecting group for an amino, imino or alkylamino group is, for example, an acyl group for example a (2-4C)alkanoyl group (especially acetyl), a (1-4C)alkoxycarbonyl group (especially methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl or tert-butoxycarbonyl), an arylmethoxycarbonyl group (especially benzyloxycarbonyl) or an aroyl group (especially benzoyl). The deprotection conditions for the above protecting groups necessarily vary with the choice of protecting group. Thus, for example, an acyl group such as an alkanoyl or alkoxycarbonyl or an aroyl group may be removed for example, by hydrolysis with a suitable base such as an alkali metal hydroxide, for example lithium or sodium hydroxide. Alternatively an acyl group such as a tert-butoxycarbonyl group may be removed, for example, by treatment with a suitable acid such as hydrochloric, sulphuric or phosphoric acid or trifluoroacetic acid and an arylmethoxycarbonyl group such as a benzyloxycarbonyl group may be removed, for example, by hydrogenation over a catalyst such as palladium-on-charcoal.

A suitable protecting group for a hydroxy group is, for example, an acyl group, for example a (2-4C)alkanoyl group (especially acetyl), an aroyl group (especially benzoyl) or an arylmethyl group (especially benzyl). The deprotection conditions for the above protecting groups will necessarily vary with the choice of protecting group. Thus, for example, an acyl group such as an alkanoyl or an aroyl group may be removed, for example, by hydrolysis with a suitable base such as an alkali metal hydroxide, for example lithium or sodium hydroxide. Alternatively an arylmethyl group such as a benzyl group may be removed, for example, by hydrogenation over a catalyst such as palladium-on-charcoal.

When a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt of a compound of the formula I is required, it may be obtained, for example, by reaction of said compound with a suitable acid or base using a conventional procedure. When an optically active form of a compound of the formula I is required, it may be obtained by carrying out one of the aforesaid procedures using an optically active starting material, or by resolution of a racemic form of said compound using a conventional procedure.

As stated previously, the compounds of the formula I are inhibitors of the enzyme 5-LO. The effects of this inhibition may be demonstrated using one or more of the standard procedures set out below:

a) An in vitro assay system involving incubating a test compound with heparinised human blood, prior to challenge with the calcium ionophore A23187 and then indirectly measuring the inhibitory effects on 5-LO by assaying the amount of LTB₄ using specific radioimmunoassays described by Carey and Forder (Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes Med., 1986, 22, 57; Prostaglandins, 1984, 28, 666; Brit. J. Pharmacol., 1985, 84, 34P) which involve the use of a protein-LTB₄ conjugate produced using the procedure of Young et alia (Prostaglandins, 1983, 26(4), 605-613). The effects of a test compound on the enzyme cyclooxygenase (which is involved in the alternative metabolic pathway for arachidonic acid and gives rise to prostaglandins, thromboxanes and related metabolites) may be measured at the same time using the specific radioimmunoassay for thromboxane B₂ (TxB₂) described by Carey and Forder (see above). This test provides an indication of the effects of a test compound against 5-LO and also cyclooxygenase in the presence of blood cells and proteins. It permits the selectivity of the inhibitory effect on 5-LO or cyclooxygenase to be assessed.

b) An ex vivo assay system, which is a variation of test a) above, involving administration to a group of rats of a test compound (usually orally as the suspension produced when a solution of the test compound in dimethylsulphoxide is added to carboxymethylcellulose), blood collection, heparinisation, challenge with A23187 and radioimmunoassay of LTB₄ and TxB₂. This test provides an indication of the bioavailability of a test compound as an inhibitor of 5-LO or cyclooxygenase.

c) An in vivo system involving measuring the effects of a test compound administered orally against the liberation of LTB₄ induced by zymosan within an air pouch generated within the subcutaneous tissue of the back of male rats. The rats are anaesthetised and air pouches are formed by the injection of sterile air (20 ml). A further injection of air (10 ml) is similarly given after 3 days. At 6 days after the initial air injection the test compound is administered (usually orally as the suspension produced when a solution of the test compound in dimethylsulphoxide is added to hydroxypropylmethylcellulose), followed by the intrapouch injection of zymosan (1 ml of a 1% suspension in physiological saline). After 3 hours the rats are killed, the air pouches are lavaged with physiological saline, and the specific radioimmunoassay described above is used to assay LTB₄ in the washings. This test provides an indication of inhibitory effects against 5-LO in an inflammatory milieu.

Although the pharmacological properties of the compounds of the formula I vary with structural changes as expected, in general compounds of the formula I possess 5-LO inhibitory effects at the following concentrations or doses in one or more of the above tests a)-c):

Test a):

IC₅₀ (LTB₄) in the range, for example, 0.01-40μM

IC₅₀ (TxB₂) in the range, for example, 40-200 μM;

Test b):

oral ED₅₀ (LTB₄) in the range, for example, 0.1-100 mg/kg;

Test c):

oral ED₅₀ (LTB₄) in the range, for example, 0.1-50 mg/kg.

No overt toxicity or other untoward effects are present in tests b) and/or c) when compounds of the formula I are administered at several multiples of their minimum inhibitory dose or concentration.

Thus, by way of example, the compound 4-[5-fluoro-3-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl)phenylthio]-α-methylbenzyl acetohydroxamate has an IC₅₀ of 0.19 μM against LTB₄ in test a); the compound N-{4-[5-fluoro-3-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl)phenylthio]-α-methylbenzyloxy}urea has an IC₅₀ of 0.31 μM against LTB₄ in test a); and the compound N,N-diethyl-O-{4-[5-fluoro-3-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl)phenylthio]-.alpha.-methylbenzyl}hydroxylamine has an IC₅₀ of 0.15 μM against LTB₄ in test a) and an oral ED₅₀ of approximately 1.5 mg/kg versus LTB₄ in test c).

In general those compounds of the formula I which are particularly preferred have an IC₅₀ of <1 μM against LTB₄ in test a) and an oral ED₅₀ of <100 mg/kg against LTB₄ in tests b) and/or c).

These compounds are examples of compounds of the invention which show selective inhibitory properties for 5-LO as opposed to cyclooxygenase, which selective properties are expected to impart improved therapeutic properties, for example, a reduction in or freedom from the gastrointestinal side-effects frequently associated with cyclooxygenase inhibitors such as indomethacin.

According to a further feature of the invention there is provided a pharmaceutical composition which comprises a hydroxylamine derivative of the formula I, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, in association with a pharmaceutically-acceptable diluent or carrier.

The composition may be in a form suitable for oral use, for example a tablet, capsule, aqueous or oily solution, suspension or emulsion; for topical use, for example a cream, ointment, gel or aqueous or oily solution or suspension; for nasal use, for example a snuff, nasal spray or nasal drops; for vaginal or rectal use, for example a suppository; for administration by inhalation, for example as a finely divided powder such as a dry powder, a microcrystalline form or a liquid aerosol; for sub-lingual or buccal use, for example a tablet or capsule; or for parenteral use (including intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravascular or infusion), for example a sterile aqueous or oily solution or suspension. In general the above compositions may be prepared in a conventional manner using conventional excipients.

The amount of active ingredient {that is a hydroxylamine derivative of the formula I, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof) that is combined with one or more excipients to produce a single dosage form will necessarily vary depending upon the host treated and the particular route of administration. For example, a formulation intended for oral administration to humans will generally contain, for example, from 0.5 mg to 2 g of active agent compounded with an appropriate and convenient amount of excipients which may vary from about 5 to about 98 percent by weight of the total composition. Dosage unit forms will generally contain about 1 mg to about 500 mg of an active ingredient.

According to a further feature of the invention there is provided a hydroxylamine derivative of the formula I, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, for use in a method of treatment of the human or animal body by therapy.

The invention also includes a method of treating a disease or medical condition mediated alone or in part by one or more leukotrienes which comprises administering to a warm-blooded animal requiring such treatment an effective amount of an active ingredient as defined above. The invention also provides the use of such an active ingredient in the production of a new medicament for use in a leukotriene mediated disease or medical condition.

The size of the dose for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes of a compound of the formula I will naturally vary according to the nature and severity of the conditions, the age and sex of the animal or patient and the route of administration, according to well known principles of medicine. As mentioned above, compounds of the formula I are useful in treating those allergic and inflammatory conditions which are due alone or in part to the effects of the metabolites of arachidonic acid arising by the linear (5-LO catalysed) pathway and in particular the leukotrienes, the production of which is mediated by 5-LO. As previously mentioned, such conditions include, for example, asthmatic conditions, allergic reactions, allergic rhinitis, allergic shock, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders of an inflammatory nature, arthritic and inflammatory joint disease, and inflammatory bowel diseases.

In using a compound of the formula I for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes it will generally be administered so that a daily dose in the range, for example, 0.5 mg to 75 mg per kg body weight is received, given if required in divided doses. In general lower doses will be administered when a parenteral route is employed. Thus, for example, for intravenous administration, a dose in the range, for example, 0.5 mg to 30 mg per kg body weight will generally be used. Similarly, for administration by inhalation, a dose in the range, for example, 0.5 mg to 25 mg per kg body weight will be used.

Although the compounds of the formula I are primarily of value as therapeutic agents for use in warm-blooded animals (including man), they are also useful whenever it is required to inhibit the enzyme 5-LO. Thus, they are useful as pharmacological standards for use in the development of new biological tests and in the search for new pharmacological agents.

By virtue of their effects on leukotriene production, the compounds of the formula I have certain cytoprotective effects, for example they are useful in reducing or suppressing certain of the adverse gastrointestinal effects of the cyclooxygenase inhibitory non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIA), such as indomethacin, acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, sulindac, tolmetin and piroxicam. Furthermore, co-administration of a 5-LO inhibitor of the formula I with a NSAIA can result in a reduction in the quantity of the latter agent needed to produce a therapeutic effect, thereby reducing the likelihood of adverse side-effects. According to a further feature of the invention there is provided a pharmaceutical composition which comprises a hydroxylamine derivative of the formula I, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof as defined hereinbefore, in conjunction or admixture with a cyclooxygenase inhibitory non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (such as those mentioned above), and a pharmaceutically-acceptable diluent or carrier.

The cytoprotective effects of the compounds of the formula I may be demonstrated, for example in a standard laboratory model which assesses protection against indomethacin-induced or ethanol-induced ulceration in the gastrointestinal tract of rats.

The compositions of the invention may in addition contain one or more therapeutic or prophylactic agents known to be of vahm for the disease under treatment. Thus, for example a known platelet aggregation inhibitor, hypolipidemic agent, anti-hypertensive agent, beta-adrenergic blocker or a vasodilator may usefully also be present in a pharmaceutical composition of the invention for use in treating a heart or vascular disease or condition. Similarly, by way of example, an anti-histamine, steroid (such as beclomethasone dipropionate), sodium cromoglycate, phosphodiesterase inhibitor or a beta-adrenergic stimulant may usefully also be present in a pharmaceutical composition of the invention for use in treating a pulmonary disease or condition.

The invention will now be illustrated in the following non-limiting Examples in which, unless otherwise stated:

(i) evaporations were carried out by rotary evaporation in vacuo and work-up procedures were carried out after removal of residual solids by filtration;

(ii) operations were carried out at room temperature, that is in the range 18°-25° C. and under an atmosphere of an inert gas such as argon;

(iii) column chromatography (by the flash procedure) and medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) were performed on Merck Kieselgel silica (Art. 9385) or Merck Lichroprep RP-18 (Art. 9303) reversed-phase silica obtained from E. Merck, Darmstadt, Germany;

(iv) yields are given for illustration only and are not necessarily the maximum attainable;

(v) the structures of the end-products of the formula I were confirmed by NMR and mass spectral techniques; unless otherwise stated, CDCl₃ solutions of the end-products of the formula I were used for the determination of the NMR spectral data, chemical shift values were measured on the delta scale and the following abbreviations are used: s, singlet; d, doublet; t, triplet; q, quartet; m, multiplet;

(vi) intermediates were not generally fully characterized and purity was assessed by thin layer chromatographic, infra-red (IR) or NMR analysis;

(vii) melting points are uncorrected and were determined using a Mettler SP62 automatic melting point apparatus or an oil-bath apparatus; melting points for the end-products of the formula I were determined after recrystallization from a conventional organic solvent such as ethanol, methanol, acetone, ether or hexane, alone or in admixture;

(viii) the following abbreviations have been used:

    ______________________________________                                         DMF               .sub.--N, .sub.--N-dimethylformamide.                        THF              tetrahydrofuran.                                              ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 1

A mixture of acetohydroxamic acid (0.075 g), 4-[3-(4-chloromethylphenylthio)-5-fluorophenyl]-4-methoxytetrahydropyran (0.147 g), potassium carbonate (0.138 g) and DMF (2 ml) was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 hour. Acetic acid (0.5 ml) and water (20 ml) were added and the mixture was extracted with diethyl ether. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried (Na₂ SO₄) and evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography using increasingly polar mixtures of hexane and ethyl acetate as eluent. There was thus obtained 4-[5-fluoro-3-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl)phenylthio]benzyl acetohydroxamate (0.11 g, 68%), m.p. 137°-138° C. (recrystallised from a mixture of hexane and ethyl acetate).

NMR Spectrum: 1.9 (m, 7H), 2.98 (s, 3H), 3.8 (m, 4H), 4.9 (s, 2H), 6.88 (m, 1H), 6.98 (m, 1H), 7.15 (m, 1H), 7.38 (m, 4H).

The 4-[3-(4-chloromethylphenylthio)-5-fluorophenyl]-4-methoxytetrahydropyran used as a starting material was obtained as follows:

A mixture of 4-(5-fluoro-3-mercaptophenyl)-4-methoxytetrahydropyran (European Patent Application No. 0420511, Example 4, thereof; 2.42 g), potassium hydroxide (0.56 g) and DMF (25 ml) was stirred and heated to 140° C. until a clear solution was obtained. 4-Bromobenzaldehyde (2.78 g) and cuprous oxide (0.715 g) were added and the mixture was stirred and heated to 140° C. for 90 minutes. The mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and partitioned between diethyl ether and water. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried (MgSO₄) and evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography using a 4:1 mixture of petroleum ether (b.p. 40°-60° C.) and ethyl acetate as eluent. There was thus obtained 4-[5-fluoro-3-(4-methoxytetrahydropyan-4-yl)phenylthio]benzaldehyde (2.38 g, 68%), m.p. 93° C.

Sodium borohydride (0.1 g) was added to a stirred mixture of a portion (0.87 g) of the benzaldehyde so obtained and ethanol (20 ml). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 30 minutes. Acetic acid (1 ml) and water (50 ml) were added and the mixture was extracted with diethyl ether. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried (Na₂ SO₄) and evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography using increasingly polar mixtures of hexane and ethyl acetate as eluent. There was thus obtained 4-[5-fluoro-3-(4-hydroxymethylphenylthio)phenyl]-4-methoxytetrahydropyran as a gum (0.85 g, 97%).

NMR Spectrum 1.91 (m, 4H), 2.98 (s, 3H), 3.80 (m, 4H), 4.72 (s, 2H), 6.79 (m, 1H), 6.92 (m, 1H), 7.10 (m, 1H), 7.39 (m, 4H).

Thionyl chloride (0.1 ml) was added to a stirred mixture of a portion (0.075 g) of the material so obtained and methylene chloride (5 ml) and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 30 minutes. The mixture was evaporated, toluene (5 ml) was added and the mixture was evaporated. There was thus obtained 4-[3-(4-chloromethylphenylthio)-5-fluorophenyl]-4-methoxytetrahydropyran as a gum (0.08 g) which was used without further purification.

EXAMPLE 2

Using an analogous procedure to that described in Example 1 except that the reactants were heated to 60° C for 2 hours, acetohydroxamic acid was reacted with 4-{3-[4-(1-chloroethyl)phenylthio]-5-fluorophenyl}-4-methoxytetrahydropyran to give 4-[5-fluoro-3-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl)phenylthio]-α-methylbenzyl acetohydroxamate as a gum in 62% yield.

NMR Spectrum: 1.56 (d, 3H), 1.8-2.05 (m, 7H), 2.99 (s, 3H), 3.8 (m, 4H), 4.95 broad hump, 1H), 6.87 (m, 1H), 6.97 (m, 1H), 7.15 (m, 1H), 7.36 (m, 4H), 9.01 (s, 1H).

The 4-{3-[4-(1-chloroethyl)phenylthio]-5-fluorophenyl}-4-methoxytetrahydropyran used as a starting material was obtained as follows:

Methylmagnesium bromide (3M in THF; 2 ml) was added dropwise to a stirred solution of 4-[5-fluoro-3-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl)phenylthio]benzaldehyde (1.73 g) in THF (20 ml). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 30 minutes. Acetic acid (1 ml) and water (30 ml) were added and the mixture was extracted with diethyl ether. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried (Na₂ SO₄) and evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography using increasingly polar mixtures of hexane and ethyl acetate as eluent. There was thus obtained 4-{5-fluoro-3-[4-(1-hydroxyethyl)phenylthio]-phenyl}-4-methoxytetrahydropyran as an oil (1.7 g, 94%).

NMR Spectrum: 1.51 (d, 3H), 1.92 (m, 4H), 2.97 (s, 3H), 3.80 (m, 4H), 4.92 (q, 1H), 6.79 (m, 1H), 6.91 (m, 1H), 7.10 (m, 1H), 7.39 (m, 4H).

A mixture of a portion (0.36 g) of the material so obtained, pyridine (0.2 g) and methylene chloride (5 ml) was added dropwise to a stirred solution of thionyl chloride (0.2 ml) in methylene chloride (5 ml) which had been cooled to 0° C. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 hour. The mixture was evaporated and the residue was partitioned between diethyl ether and water. The organic phase was dried (Na₂ SO₄) and evaporated. There was thus obtained 4-{3-[4-(1-chloroethyl)phenylthio]-5-fluorophenyl}-4-methoxytetrahydropyran as an oil (0.38 g, 100%).

NMR Spectrum: 1.85 (d, 3H), 1.90 (m, 4H), 2.98 (s, 3H), 3.80 (m, 4H), 5.08 (q, 1H), 6.87 (m, 1H), 6.96 (m, 1H), 7.14 (m, 1H), 7.38 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 3

Using an analogous procedure to that described in Example 1 except that hydroxyurea was used in place of acetohydroxamic acid there was obtained N-{4-[5-fluoro-3-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl)phenylthio]benzyloxy}urea in 49% yield, m.p. 104°-105° C.

NMR Spectrum: (CD₃ SOCD₃) 1.85 (m, 4H), 2.88 (s, 3H), 3.66 (m, 4H), 4.74 (s, 2H), 6.33 (s, 2H), 6.92 (m, 1H), 7.1 (m, 2H), 7.45 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 4

Using an analogous procedure to that described in Example 1 except that the reactants were heated to 60° C. for 2 hours, hydroxyurea was reacted with 4-{3-[4-(1-chloroethyl)phenylthio]-5-fluorophenyl}-4-methoxytetrahydropyran to give N-{4-[5-fluoro-3-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl)phenylthio]-α-methylbenzyloxy}urea in 32% yield, m.p. 84°-85° C.

NMR Spectrum: (CD₃ SOCD₃) 1.43 (d, 3H), 1.85 (m, 4H), 2.88 (s, 3H), 3.66 (m, 4H), 4.75 (q, 1H), 6.26 (s, 2H), 6.92 (m, 1H), 7.1 (m, 2H), 7.43 (m, 4H), 8.78 (s, 1H).

EXAMPLE 5

Sodium hydride (60% w/w dispersion in mineral oil, (0.04 g) was added to a stirred mixture of N,N-diethylhydroxylamine (0.05 g), 4-{3-[4-(1-chloroethyl)phenylthio]-5-fluorophenyl}-4-methoxytetrahydropyran (0.14 g) and DMF (2 ml). The mixture was heated to 60° C. for 2 hours. Acetic acid (0.5 ml) and water (20 ml) were added and the mixture was extracted with diethyl ether. The organic phase was washed with brine, dried (Na₂ SO₄) and evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography using increasingly polar mixtures of hexane and ethyl acetate as eluent. There was thus obtained N,N-diethyl-O-{4-[5-fluoro-3-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl)phenylthio]-.alpha.-methylbenzyl}hydroxylamine as an oil in 10% yield.

NMR Spectrum: 1.02 (t, 6H), 1.47 (d, 3H), 1.89 (m, 4H), 2.7 (m, 4H), 2.97 (s, 3H), 3.79 (m, 4H), 4.72 (q, 1H), 6.75 (m, 1H), 7.01 (m, 1H), 7.08 (m, 1H), 7.38 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 6

A mixture of 4-[3-(4-chloromethylphenylthio)-5-fluorophenyl]-4-methoxytetrahydropyran (0.73 g), N-hydroxyphthalimide (0.41 g), potassium carbonate (0.31 g) and DMF (2 ml) was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 hours. The mixture was acidified to pH5 by the addition of glacial acetic acid and partitioned between diethyl ether and water. The organic phase was washed with water and with brine, dried (Na₂ SO₄) and evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography using increasingly polar mixtures of hexane and ethyl acetate as eluent. There was thus obtained N-{4-[5-fluoro-3-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl)phenylthio]benzyloxy}phthalimide as a gum (0.4 g, 41%).

A mixture of a portion (0.35 g) of the phthalimide so obtained, hydrazinc hydrate (0.2 ml) and methanol (10 ml) was stirred and heated to reflux for 1 hour. The mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, filtered and evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography using increasingly polar mixtures of hexane and ethyl acetate as eluent. There was thus obtained O-{4-[5-fluoro-3-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl)phenylthio]benzyl}hydroxylamine as a gum (0.23 g, 89%).

NMR Spectrum 1.85-2.05 (m, 4H), 2.98 (s, 3H), 3.75-3.90 (m, 4H), 4.7 (s, 2H), 5.45 (broad s, 2H), 6.81 (m, 1H), 6.92 (m, 1H), 7.11 (m, 1H), 7.41 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 7

A mixture of 4-[5-fluoro-3-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl)-phenylthio]benzyl acetohydroxamate (0.11 g), methyl iodide (0.1 ml), potassium carbonate (0.1 g) and DMF (1 ml) was stirred at ambient temperature for 24 hours. The mixture was neutralised by the addition of glacial acetic acid and partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic phase was dried (Na₂ SO₄) and evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography using increasingly polar mixtures of hexane and ethyl acetate as eluent. There was thus obtained 4-[5-fluoro-3-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl)phenylthio]benzyl N-methylacetohydroxamate as a gum (0.078 g, 70%).

NMR Spectrum 1.80-2.05 (m, 4H), 2.09 (s, 3H), 2.98 (s, 3H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.75-3.90 (m, 4H), 4.8 (s, 2H), 6.85 (m, 1H), 6.98 (m, 1H), 7.16 (m, 1H), 7.38 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 8

Using an analogous procedure to that described in Example 7 except that the reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours, 4-[5-fluoro-3-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl)phenylthio]-α-methylbenzyl acetohydroxamate was reacted with 2-propynyl bromide to give 4-[5-fluoro-3-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl)phenylthio]-α-methylbenzyl N-(2-propynyl)acetohydroxamate as a gum (80%).

NMR Spectrum 1.63 (d, 3H), 1.80-2.05 (m, 4H), 2.05 (s, 3H), 2.21 (t, 1H), 2.98 (s, 3H), 3.75-3.95 (m, 5H), 4.42 (m, 1H), 5.01 (q, 1H), 6.85 (m, 1H), 6.98 (m, 1H), 7.14 (m, 1H), 7.40 (s, 4H).

EXAMPLE 9

Using an analogous procedure to that described in Example 7 except that the reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hours, 4-[5-fluoro-3-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl)phenylthio]-α-methylbenzyl acetohydroxamate was reacted with bromoacetonitrile to give 4-[5-fluoro-3-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl)phenylthio-α-methylbenzyl N-cyanomethylacetohydroxamate as a gum (64%).

NMR Spectrum 1.64 (d, 3H), 1.80-2.05 (m, 4H), 2.13 (s, 3H), 2.98 (s, H), 3.5-3.9 (m, 5H), 4.49 (d, 1H), 4.94 (q, 1H), 6.90 (m, 1H), 6.98 (m, 1H), 7.16 (m, 1H), 7.39 (s, 4H).

EXAMPLE 10

The following illustrate representative pharmaceutical dosage forms containing the compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof (hereafter compound X), for therapeutic or prophylactic use in humans:

    ______________________________________                                         (a)  Tablet I              mg/tablet                                                Compound X            100                                                      Lactose Ph.Eur.       182.75                                                   Croscarmellose sodium 12.0                                                     Maize starch paste (5% w/v paste)                                                                    2.25                                                     Magnesium stearate    3.0                                                 (b)  Tablet II             mg/tablet                                                Compound X            50                                                       Lactose Ph.Eur.       223.75                                                   Croscarmellose sodium 6.0                                                      Maize starch          15.0                                                     Polyvinylpyrrolidone (5% w/v paste)                                                                  2.25                                                     Magnesium stearate    3.0                                                 (c)  Tablet III            mg/tablet                                                Compound X            1.0                                                      Lactose Ph.Eur.       93.25                                                    Croscarmellose sodium 4.0                                                      Maize starch paste (5% w/v paste)                                                                    0.75                                                     Magnesium stearate    1.0                                                 (d)  Capsule               mg/capsule                                               Compound X            10                                                       Lactose Ph.Eur.       488.5                                                    Magnesium stearate    1.5                                                 (e)  Injection I           (50 mg/ml)                                               Compound X            5.0% w/v                                                 1M Sodium hydroxide solution                                                                         15.0% v/v                                                0.1M Hydrochloric acid                                                                               4.5% w/v                                                 (to adjust pH to 7.6)                                                          Polyethylene glycol 400                                                        Water for injection to 100%                                               (f)  Injection II          (10 mg/ml)                                               Compound X            1.0% w/v                                                 Sodium phosphate BP   3.6% w/v                                                 0.1M Sodium hydroxide solution                                                                       15.0% v/v                                                Water for injection to 100%                                                                          (1 mg/ml,                                           (g)  Injection III         buffered to pH 6)                                        Compound X            0.1% w/v                                                 Sodium phosphate BP   2.26% w/v                                                Citric acid           0.38% w/v                                                Polyethylene glycol 400                                                                              3.5% w/v                                                 Water for injection to 100%                                               (h)  Aerosol I             mg/ml                                                    Compound X            10.0                                                     Sorbitan trioleate    13.5                                                     Trichlorofluoromethane                                                                               910.0                                                    Dichlorodifluoromethane                                                                              490.0                                               (i)  Aerosol II            mg/ml                                                    Compound X            0.2                                                      Sorbitan trioleate    0.27                                                     Trichlorofluoromethane                                                                               70.0                                                     Dichlorodifluoromethane                                                                              280.0                                                    Dichlorotetrafluoroethane                                                                            1094.0                                              (j)  Aerosol III           mg/ml                                                    Compound X            2.5                                                      Sorbitan trioleate    3.38                                                     Trichlorofluoromethane                                                                               67.5                                                     Dichlorodifluoromethane                                                                              1086.0                                                   Dichlorotetrafluoroethane                                                                            191.6                                               (k)  Aerosol IV            mg/ml                                                    Compound X            2.5                                                      Soya lecithin         2.7                                                      Trichlorofluoromethane                                                                               67.5                                                     Dichlorodifluoromethane                                                                              1086.0                                                   Dichlorotetrafluoroethane                                                                            191.6                                               ______________________________________                                    

Note

The above formulations may be obtained by conventional procedures well known in the pharmaceutical art. The tablets (a)-(c) may be enteric coated by conventional means, for example to provide a coating of cellulose acetate phthalate. The aerosol formulations (h)-(k) may be used in conjunction with standard, metered dose aerosol dispensers, and the suspending agents sorbitan trioleate and soya lecithin may be replaced by an alternative suspending agent such as sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan sesquioleate, polysorbate 80, polyglycerol oleate or oleic acid. 

We claim:
 1. A hydroxylamine derivative of the formula I ##STR9## wherein R⁴ is hydrogen, carbamoyl, (1-4C)alkyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, tetrahydrofuran-3-yl, tetrahydropyran-4-yl, piperidin-4-yl, N-(1-4C)alkylpiperidin-4-yl, (2-5C)alkanoyl, (1-4C)alkylsulphonyl, N-(1-4C)alkylcarbamoyl, N,N-di-(1-4C)-alkylcarbamoyl, phenyl, phenyl-(1-4C)alkyl, di-phenyl-(1-4C)alkyl, benzoyl, phenylsulphonyl or a heteroarylmethyl group wherein the heteroaryl moiety is selected from pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, furyl, thienyl, oxazolyl and thiazolyl;R⁵ is hydrogen, (1-4C)alkyl, (3-4C)alkenyl, (3-4C)alkynyl, cyano-(1-4C)alkyl, phenyl or phenyl-(1-4C)alkyl; A⁴ is (1-4C)alkylene which may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from (1-4C)alkyl, phenyl and phenyl-(1-4C)alkyl; wherein each phenyl, phenyl-(1-4C)alkyl, di-phenyl-(1-4C)alkyl, benzoyl, phenylsulphonyl or heteroarylmethyl group in R⁴, R⁵ or A⁴ may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from halogeno, cyano, trifluoromethyl, nitro, (1-4C)alkyl and (1-4C)alkoxy; Ar¹ is phenylene, pyridinediyl or pyrimidinediyl which may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from halogeno, cyano, trifluoromethyl, (1-4C)alkyl and (1-4C)alkoxy; A¹ is a direct link to X¹, or A¹ is (1-4C)alkylene; X¹ is oxy, thio, sulphinyl or sulphonyl; Ar² is phenylene, pyridinediyl, pyrimidinediyl, thiophenediyl, furandiyl or thiazolediyl which may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from halogeno, cyano, trifluoromethyl, (1-4C)alkyl and (1-4C)alkoxy; R¹ is hydrogen, (1-4C)alkyl, (3-4C)alkenyl or (3-4C)alkynyl; and R² and R³ together form a group of the formula --A² --X² --A³ -- which together with the carbon atom to which A² and A³ are attached define a ring having 5 or 6 ring atoms, wherein each of A² and A³ is independently (1-3C)alkylene and X² is oxy, and which ring may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from hydroxy, (1-4C)alkyl and (1-4C)alkoxy; R³ is (1-4C)alkyl, (2-4C)alkenyl or (2-4C)alkynyl; or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
 2. A hydroxylamine derivative of the formula I as claimed in claim 1 wherein R⁴ is hydrogen, carbamoyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, acetyl, propionyl, methylsulphonyl, benzoyl or phenylsulphonyl, and wherein said benzoyl or phenylsulphonyl group may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl and methoxy;R⁵ is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, phenyl or benzyl, and wherein said phenyl or benzyl group may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl and methoxy; A⁴ is methylene which may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from methyl, ethyl, phenyl and benzyl, and wherein said phenyl or benzyl group may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl and methoxy; Ar¹ is 1,4-phenylene which may optionally bear one substituent selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl and methoxy; A¹ is a direct link to X¹ and X¹ is thio, or A¹ is methylene and X¹ is oxy; Ar² is 1,3- or 1,4-phenylene which may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from fluoro, chloro, trifluoromethyl, methyl and methoxy, or Ar² is 3,5-pyridinediyl, 4,6-pyrimidinediyl, 2,4-thiophenediyl or 2,5-thiophenediyl; R¹ is methyl, ethyl or allyl; and R² and R³ together form a group of the formula --A² --X² --A³ -- which together with the carbon atom to which A² and A³ are attached define a ring having 6 ring atoms, wherein each of A² and A³ is ethylene and X² is oxy, and which ring may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from methyl and ethyl; or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
 3. A hydroxylamine derivative of the formula I as claimed in claim 1 wherein R⁴ is hydrogen, carbamoyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, acetyl, methylsulphonyl, benzoyl or phenylsulphonyl;R⁵ is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, allyl, 2-propynyl, cyanomethyl, phenyl or benzyl; A⁴ is methylene which may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from methyl, ethyl, phenyl and benzyl; wherein each benzoyl, phenylsulphonyl, phenyl or benzyl group in R⁴, R⁵ or A⁴ may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl and methoxy; Ar¹ is 1,4-phenylene which may optionally bear one substituent selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl and methoxy, or Ar¹ is 2,5-pyridinediyl (with the A¹ group in the 2-position); A¹ is a direct link to X¹ and X¹ is thio, or A¹ is methylene and X¹ is oxy; Ar² is 1,3-phenylene which may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from fluoro, chloro, trifluoromethyl and methyl, or Ar² is 3,5-pyridinediyl, 4,6-pyrimidinediyl, 2,4-thiophenediyl, 2,5-thiophenediyl, 2,4-thiazolediyl or 2,5-thiazolediyl; R¹ is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or allyl; and R² and R³ together form a group of the formula --A² --X² --A³ -- which together with the carbon atom to which A² and A³ are attached define a ring having 5 or 6 ring atoms, wherein A² is methylene or ethylene, A³ is ethylene and X² is oxy, and which ring may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from methyl and ethyl; or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
 4. A hydroxylamine derivative of the formula I as claimed in claim 1 wherein R⁴ is hydrogen, carbamoyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, acetyl, methylsulphonyl, benzoyl or phenylsulphonyl; R⁵ is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, phenyl or benzyl;A⁴ is methylene which may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from methyl, ethyl, phenyl and benzyl; wherein each benzoyl, phenylsulphonyl, phenyl or benzyl group in R⁴, R⁵ or A⁴ may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from fluoro, chloro, methyl and methoxy; Ar¹ is 1,4-phenylene; A¹ is a direct link to X¹ ; X¹ is thio; Ar² is 1,3-phenylene which may optionally bear one or two substituents selected from fluoro and chloro, or Ar² is 2,4- or 2,5-thiophenediyl; R¹ is methyl, ethyl or allyl; and R² and R³ together form a group of the formula --A² --X² --A³ -- which together with the carbon atom to which A² and A³ are attached define a ring having 6 ring atoms, wherein each of A² and A³ is ethylene and X² is oxy, and which ring may optionally bear one or two methyl substituents; or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
 5. A hydroxylamine derivative of the formula I as claimed in claim 1 wherein R⁴ is hydrogen, carbamoyl, methyl, ethyl or acetyl;R⁵ is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, 2-propynyl or cyanomethyl; A⁴ is methylene which may optionally bear a methyl substituent; Ar¹ is 1,4-phenylene; A¹ is a direct link to X¹ ; X¹ is thio; Ar² is 1,3-phenylene or 5-fluoro-1,3-phenylene; R¹ is methyl; and R² and R³ together form a group of the formula --A² --X² --A³ -- which together with the carbon atom to which A² and A³ are attached define a ring having 6 ring atoms, wherein each of A² and A³ is ethylene and X² is oxy, and which ring may optionally bear a methyl substituent alpha to X². or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
 6. A hydroxylamine derivative of the formula I as claimed in claim 1 wherein R⁴ is carbamoyl, methyl, ethyl or acetyl;R⁵ is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; A⁴ is methylene which may optionally bear a methyl substituent; Ar¹ is 1,4-phenylene; A¹ is a direct link to X¹ ; X¹ is thio; Ar² is 1,3-phenylene or 5-fluoro-1,3-phenylene; R¹ is methyl; and R² and R³ together form a group of the formula --A² --X² --A³ -- which together with the carbon atom to which A² and A³ are attached define a ring having 6 ring atoms, wherein each of A² and A³ is ethylene and X² is oxy, and which ring may optionally bear a methyl substituent alpha to X² ; or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.
 7. A hydroxylamine derivative of the formula I, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, as claimed in claim 1 selected from:4-[5-fluoro-3-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl)phenylthio]-α-methylbenzyl acetohydroxamate, N-{4-[5-fluoro-3-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl)phenylthio]-α-methylbenzyloxy}urea, N,N-diethyl-O-{4-[5-fluoro-3-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl)phenylthio]-.alpha.-methylbenzyl}hydroxylamine, 4-[5-fluoro-3-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl)phenylthio]-α-methylbenzyl N-(2-propynyl)acetohydroxamate and 4-[5-fluoro-3-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl)phenylthio]-α-methylbenzyl N-cyanomethylacetohydroxamate.
 8. A pharmaceutical composition which comprises a hydroxylamine derivative of the formula I, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 in association with a pharmaceutically-acceptable diluent or carrier. 